One of the highest notification rates of gonorrhoea is found in the remote regions of western australia wa. Hsu, zoon wangu, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fifth edition, 2018. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are acquired in humans by sexual contact. Antimicrobial drug prescription and neisseria gonorrhoeae. In recent years, studies of the structure and physiology of neisseria gonor rhoeae as well as studies of patients with gonococcal infection, have resulted in a great. Frontiers molecular pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae hostadaptation and pathogenesis. Etiology gonorrhea is caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae n. Parenteral gonococcal pilus vaccines in pathogenesis of pathogenic neisseria. A model of gonococcal pathogenesis is presented in the context of the male and female human urogenital tracts. It causes the sexually transmitted genitourinary infection gonorrhea as well as other forms of gonococcal disease including disseminated gonococcemia, septic arthritis, and gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae gonorrhea linkedin slideshare. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus singular, or gonococci plural is a species of gramnegative diplococci bacteria isolated by albert neisser in 1879. Gonococci are adapted to growth on mucous membranes and cannot tolerate drying. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. A sexually transmitted infection commonly manifested by urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, salpingitis, or pharyngitis. In the united states, it is the second most commonly reported communicable disease. Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gramnegative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a lifethreatening sepsis. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a pathogen only of humans.
Dear colleagues, gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the obligate human pathogen neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect mucussecreting epithelial cells both in men and women. This research topic is focused on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis employed by the obligate human pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrheal urethritis gu, is a venereal disease caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae with purulent urethral discharge. Also dicussed about the classifications of slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Frontiers pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the. A comparison of singledose cefixime with ceftriaxone as treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. Case definition each case classification is mutually. The hostadapted human pathogen neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhoea. Neisseria of the eleven species of neisseria that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. Dec 02, 2015 gonorrhea grows mainly in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract for both men and women.
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infectious disease and antimicrobial. Neisseria gonorrhoeae often called gonococcus causes gonorrhoea, the second most common sexually transmitted. Several aspects of gonorrhea, however, suggest that this is an oversimplistic view of infectious pathogenesis. Sexually active women younger than 25 and men who have sex with men are at increased risk of getting gonorrhea. The neisseriaceae are a family of beta proteobacteria consisting of gramnegative aerobic bacteria from fourteen genera bergeys 2005, including neisseria, chromobacterium, kingella, and aquaspirillum. The ten articles cover a range of topics, including updates on important virulence factors, vaccine development efforts, immune evasion by the gonococcus, and current models for assessing virulence, treatments and prophylactic measures.
This microorganism is an obligate human pathogen, existing nowhere in nature except in association with humans. This bacteriology lecture will explain the general properties of neisseria gonorrhoeae and it also explains the disease caused, pathogenesis and. A sexually transmitted infection commonly manifested by urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, salpingitis, or. Symptoms, causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative pathogen of gonorrhea, has been designated an urgent antimicrobial drug resistance threat by the centers for disease control and prevention cdc. Discussed about syphilis and gonorrhea its etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms,diagnosis and prevention. Gonorrhea infection should prompt physicians to test for other sexually transmitted diseases, including. Leading authorities have contributed chapters on topics such as gene expression, genomics, biofilms, denitrification, adhesion strategies, mechanisms of cellular invasion, inate immunity, complement, apoptosis, acquired immunity, vaccine development, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. Diagnosis and treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Due to its affinity for columnar or pseudo stratified epithelium, it is most commonly detected in the genital tract with the primary site of involvement being the endocervical canal and transition zone of the cervix. If its not treated early, it can cause painful complications and serious health problems. Strengthening global surveillance for antimicrobial drug. Nov 15, 2011 this research topic is focused on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis employed by the obligate human pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Pathogenic gram negative cocci neisseria structure and. Pdf molecular pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. Uses type iv pili to adhere to surfaces and to hook to target cells to drag them closer. Jan 31, 2014 this bacteriology lecture will explain the general properties of neisseria gonorrhoeae and it also explains the disease caused, pathogenesis and treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. Pathogenicity of neisseria and related species of human origin neisseria species. Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium, neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and at birth to a newborn. Pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the host defense in. Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be diagnosed by culture or nucleic acid amplification tests naats, and by gram stain in men with urethritis.
Neisseria is the only pathogenic gram negative cocci precisely diplococci. Neisseria meningitidis mc and neisseria gonorrhoeae. Interactions of pathogenic neisseria with host cells. The word gonorrhea is derived from an old greek word meaning flow of seed semen. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the gonococcus, is a nonsporeforming, nonmotile bacterium that appears under the microscope as a gramnegative coccus occurring in pairs diplococci with flattening of the adjacent sides. Funnel plots assessing the existence of a publication bias for studies concerning a human papillomavirus, b chlamydia trachomatis, c neisseria gonorrhoeae and d mycoplasma genitalium. The hostadapted human pathogen neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea. The organism was grown in pure culture in 1885, and its etiological relationship to human disease was later established using human volunteers in order to fulfill the experimental requirements of. Nov 21, 2018 neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes mucosal surface infections of male and female reproductive tracts, pharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva. Background antimicrobial resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global concern, with the ongoing emergence of ceftriaxone and azithromycin resistance threatening current treatment paradigms. Observations on damage to human fallopian tubes in organ culture by gonococci of. Molecular pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae article pdf available in frontiers in microbiology 2. Major pathogen, gonorrhea multiple locations, disseminated infections, not nf. Pathogenic gram negative cocci neisseria structure and physiology of neisseria from bio 1 at ball state university.
Neisseria gonorrhea gonorrhea is an infectious sexually transmitted disease which is caused by gonococcus bacterium most effective weapons against the germ treatment is mostly effective in the early stages and the most commonly used treatment is penicillin, but biochemists have. Infection in other parts of your body like your skin or joints. In the united states, it is the second most commonly reported communicable disease and the second most prevalent sexually transmitted infection sti. The molecular mechanisms used by neisseria gonorrhoeae to. The gonorrhea bacteria are most often passed from one person to another during sexual contact, including oral, anal or vaginal intercourse. Etiology and symptoms of the gonococcal urethritis. Pdf on nov 15, 2011, cynthia n cornelissen and others published molecular pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae find, read and cite all the research. This microorganism is an obligate human pathogen, existing nowhere. Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes mucosal surface infections of male and female reproductive tracts, pharynx, rectum, and conjunctiva. Pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae gonorrhoeal infection is generally limited to superficial mucosal surfaces lined with columnar epithelium. Gonorrhea is one of the most common reportable diseases in the united states. Gonorrhea grows mainly in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract for both men and women. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes mucosal surface infections of male and female reproductive tracts, pharynx.
The 10 articles cover a range of topics, including updates on important virulence factors, vaccine development efforts, immune evasion by the gonococcus, and current models for assessing virulence, treatments, and prophylactic measures. Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the common sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea. Consistent with its proposed evolution from an ancestral commensal bacterium, n. The causative agent of gonorrhea, neisseria gonorrhoeae, was first described by a. Syphilis and gonorrhea its etiology, pathophysiology, signs. Asymptomatic or unnoticed infections in the lower reproductive tract of women can lead to serious, longterm consequences if these infections ascend into the fallopian tube. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for the for the sexually transmitted infection, gonorrhea. Mar 22, 2011 several aspects of gonorrhea, however, suggest that this is an oversimplistic view of infectious pathogenesis. The latest theory and clinical significance of molecular mechanisms in meningococcal disease. Uses surface opa proteins to prevent the hosts immune response. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections are acquired by sexual contact and usually affect the mucous membranes. Who guidelines for the treatment of neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is not used for any known biotechnology. Gonorrhea communicable disease management protocol gonorrhea august 2015 1 1. To monitor the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in n. As a hostrestricted pathogen, neisseria gonorrhoeae encodes a relatively small repertoire of pathogenesis and colonization factors compared with other gramnegative bacteria 166. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of neisseria gonorrhoeae. Pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the host. Infection with neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global problem. Neisseria gonorrhoeae an overview sciencedirect topics. Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease std caused by neisseria gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae host adaptation and pathogenesis. The vaginal microbiota and its association with human. This std comes from bacteria called neisseria gonorrhoeae. In settings without available laboratory diagnostic support, diagnosis is often made clinically, based on the presence of symptoms such as vaginal and urethral discharge.
It forms oxidasepositive colonies and is differentiated from neisseria meningitidis the other pathogenic neisseria, which. Untreated gonorrhea in women can result in pelvic inflammatory disease and subsequent infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Symptomatic gonorrhea results in urethritis in males and cervicitis in females. Genomic epidemiology and population structure of neisseria. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae. The genus neisseria contains two important human pathogens, n. Neisser in 1879, in the pustular exudate of a case of gonorrhea. It is able to infect the lower genital tract, urethra in men and cervix in women see figure 1 and 2. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically, diplococcus because of its tendency to form pairs. In the first place, it has proven very difficult, despite efforts spanning a century, to develop an effective vaccine against neisseria gonorrhoeae russell and hook, 2009. Gonorrhea, one of the oldest known human illnesses, continues to result in significant morbidity. Monitoring trends in antimicrobial drugresistant neisseria gonorrhoeae is a critical public health and global health security activity because the number of antimicrobial drugs available to treat gonorrhea effectively is rapidly diminishing. Due to its affinity for columnar or pseudo stratified epithelium, it is most commonly detected in the genital tract with the primary site of involvement being the endocervical canal and transition.
Jan 11, 2020 pathogenesis of neisseria gonorrhoeae gonorrhoeal infection is generally limited to superficial mucosal surfaces lined with columnar epithelium. Established routes of transmission of the neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium include vaginal intercourse, rectal intercourse, fellatio, cunnilingus, and perinatal. Neisseria meningitidis and neisseria gonorrhoeae human beings are only known hosts of n. Gonorrhea neisseria gonorrhoeae 2014 case definition.
It natural environment is in the human body and it only known for its pathogenic characteristic. Pathogenesis neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gramnegative diplococci, is the causative agent of gonorrhea. Since the introduction of antimicrobial drugs in the first half of the 20th century, n. Pili and opa proteins facilitate adhesion of the gonococcus to epithelial cells of the urethra, rectum, cervix, pharynx, and conjunctiva, thereby making colonization possible. Neisseria gonorrhoeae medical diagnostic laboratories, llc. Unlike isolates from the major australian population centres, the remote community isolates have low rates of antimicrobial resistance amr. It can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
955 862 1049 251 998 1533 747 950 579 1302 216 954 1586 1063 1019 686 1384 1039 1405 646 392 697 1344 1540 1210 737 1196 674 232 49 1047 678 527 863 1167 1181